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CONTENTS UNIT
1. AN INTRODUCTION TO LAWS UNIT
3. CHALLENGES OF THE LEGAL SYSTEM UNIT
7.CIVIL PROCEDURE AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
CIVIL PROCEDURE AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE UNIT
12. A LAW FIRM STRUCTURE AND PRACTISE UNIT
14. IMPRISONMENT: RETRIBUTION OR REHIBILITATION |
REVIEW units 13-15 1. Match
the word/phrase to its definition.
2. Do the quiz. 1. The _________ has introduced major changes to the ways in which
legal aid is delivered. 2. The _________
administers both the Community Legal Service scheme and the
Criminal Defence Service scheme, providing advice
and representation in civil and criminal cases respectively. 3. Which of the following are funded by the Legal Services Commission
in civil cases? Please select all that apply. a) Legal Help. b) Help at Court. c) Police Station Advice and
Assistance. d) Advocacy Assistance. 4. A conditional fee agreement and a contingency fee agreement are the
same. a) True b) False 5. Public Defenders are employed directly by the Legal Services
Commission to undertake civil defence work. a) True b) False Video. You are going to watch Olivier Scalabre analyzing the evolution of large industrial
companies' manufacturing footprint and operations. 1. Fill in the missing
information after watching the video. Growth is
fading _______, and it's a big deal. Our global economy stops growing. And
it's not new. Growth has actually declined for the last _______ years. If we
continue like this, we need to learn how to live in a world with no growth in
the next decade. This is _______ because when the economy doesn't grow, our
children don't get better lives. What's even scarier is that when the pie
does not grow, each of us get a smaller piece. We're
then ready to fight for a bigger one. This creates _______ and serious
conflicts. Growth matters a lot. If we
look at the history of growth, times of big _______ have always been fueled
by big manufacturing revolutions. It happened three times, every 50-60 years.
The steam _______ in the middle of the 19th century, the mass-production
model in the beginning of the 20th century – thanks, Mr. Ford. And the first
automation wave in the 1970s. Why did
these manufacturing revolutions create huge growth in our economies? Because
they have injected huge productivity _______. It's rather simple: in order to
grow, you need to be producing more, putting more into our economy. This
means either more labor or more capital or more productivity. Each time,
productivity _______ been the growth lever. I'm here
today to tell you that we are on the verge of another huge change, and that
this change, surprisingly enough, is going to come from manufacturing, again.
It will get us out of our growth slump and it will change radically the way
globalization has been shaped over the last _______. I'm here to tell you
about the amazing fourth manufacturing revolution that is currently underway.
It's not
as if we've done nothing with manufacturing since the last revolution.
Actually, we've made some pretty lame attempts to try to revitalize it. But
none of them have been the _______ overhaul we really need to get us growing
again. For example, we've tried to relocate our factories offshore in _______
to reduce cost and take advantage of cheap labor. Not only did this not
inspire productivity, but it _______ saved money for a short period of time,
because cheap labor didn't stay cheap for long. Then, we've tried to make our
factories larger and we specialized them by product.
The idea was that _______ _______make a lot of one product
and stockpile it to be sold with demand. This did
help productivity for a while. But it introduced a lot of rigidities in our
supply chain. Let's take fashion retail. Traditional clothing companies have
built offshore, global, _______ supply chains. When fast-fashion competitors
like Zara started replenishing their stocks faster from two collections a
year to one collection a month, none of them have been able to keep up
_______ the pace. Most of them are in great difficulties today. 2. After
watching the video say in what context the following words and phrases were
mentioned. ·
shortcomings ·
50 years ago ·
just changed the location ·
all the tweaks to the model that we could ·
the Internet ·
produce growth ·
the entertainment spaces ·
much for productivity ·
scrolling through Facebook,
watching videos on YouTube has made us less productive ·
we failed at reinventing the manufacturing space ·
combine those forces 3. Say if these statements are true
or false. 1. The fourth manufacturing revolution
is happening right now. 2. Major technologies are entering the
manufacturing space. 3. Today in our factories, only 8
percent of the tasks are automated. 4. By 2025, advanced robots will
complement workers to be, together, 20 percent more productive, to
manufacture 20 percent more outputs, to achieve 20
percent additional growth. 5. Last year in the US, they helped
Amazon prepare and ship all the products required for Cyber Monday, the
annual peak of online retail. 6. Last year in the US, it was the
biggest online shopping day of the year and of history. 7. Consumers spent 3 billion dollars
on electronics that day. That's real economic growth. 8. Plastic and metals represent 25
percent of global manufacturing production. 9. Aerospace companies are now using
3D printing, which allows them to turn those 20 different parts into just
one. 10. Advanced robots can be programmed
in order to perform any product configuration without any setup time or ramp
up. 3D printers instantaneously produce any customized design. 11. Not only will manufacturing become
more productive, it will also become more flexible, and those were exactly
the elements of growth that we are missing. There are even some bigger
implications for all of us when manufacturing will find its way back into the
limelight. It will create a huge macroeconomic shift. 12. Globalization will enter a new era.
The East-to-West trade flows will be replaced by regional trade flows. East
for East, West for West. When you think about that, the old model was pretty
much insane. 13. The new model, producing just next
to the consumer market, will be much cleaner, much better for our
environment. 14. In mature economies, manufacturing
will be back home, creating more employment, more productivity and more
growth. |