CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE

INTRODUCTION

UNIT 1.  AN INTRODUCTION TO LAWS

UNIT 2. LEGAL SYSTEMS

REVIEW units 1 -2

UNIT 3. CHALLENGES OF THE LEGAL SYSTEM

UNIT 4. LEGAL INSTITUTIONS

REVIEW units 3 -4

UNIT 5. LEGAL SUBJECTS

UNIT 6. HUMAN RIGHTS

REVIEW units 5 -6

UNIT 7.CIVIL PROCEDURE AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE  CIVIL PROCEDURE AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE

UNIT 8. UNJUST ENRICHMENT

REVIEW units 7-8

UNIT 9. HISTORY OF LAW

UNIT 10. COURT SYSTEM

REVIEW units 9-10

UNIT 11. LEGAL PROFESSIONALS

UNIT 12. A LAW FIRM STRUCTURE AND PRACTISE

REVIEW units 11 -12

UNIT 13. THE JURY

UNIT 14. IMPRISONMENT: RETRIBUTION OR REHIBILITATION

UNIT 15. LAW ENFORCEMENT

REVIEW units 13-15

 

GLOSSARY

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES & RESOURCES

REVIEW units 9-10

 

1.     Match the word/phrase to its definition.

1.Legal

a.      A judge with lower qualifications who deals with minor offences. (noun)

2.Magistrate

b.     The crime of accidentally killing someone. (noun)

3.Manslaughter

c.     A less serious crime (American English). (noun)

4.Misdemeanour

d.     The crime of intentionally killing someone (same as homicide) (British English). (noun)

5.Murder

e.      To act without proper care for the consequences. (noun)

6.Negligence

f.       Related to and governed by the law. (adjective)

7.Not-guilty

g.     To have not committed a crime. (adjective)

8.Offence

h.     To be released from prison early but with restrictions on the person’s actions. (noun)

9.Parole

i.        The specific law that a person has broken. (noun)

10.Perjury

j.        The crime of lying while promising not to lie. (noun)

11.Pick-pocketing

k.     The crime of stealing something from a person’s pocket or bag. (noun)

12.Plaintiff

l.        The response to whether a person did or did not commit a crime: guilty or innocent. (noun)

13.Plea

m.   A person who catches criminals and stops crimes being committed. (noun)

14.Police officer

n.     The person who starts an action in a court. (noun)

 

2. Do the quiz.

1. Section 50 of the  ________ sets out the «judicial appointment eligibility condition» which must be satisfied for appointment as a judge.

2. The creation of a Supreme Court for the whole of the UK reinforces the separation of legislative and judicial power and strengthens judicial independence.

a)  True 

b)  False 

3. Magistrates are appointed following the recommendation of a local advisory committee and must be qualified as a solicitor or barrister.

a)  True 

b)  False 

4. A     is appointed under provisions in section 10 Senior Courts Act 1981 and is assigned to the Court of Appeal.

5. Which of the following statements are correct? Please select all that apply.

a)  The Lord Chancellor can reject the candidate selected by the Judicial Appointment Commission for appointment to judicial office. 

b)  The Lord Chancellor can ask the Judicial Appointment Commission to reconsider their decision on a candidate selected for appointment to judicial office. 

c)  The Lord Chancellor has an ultimate right of veto in relation to candidates recommended for appointment to judicial office by the Judicial Appointment Commission. 

d)  The Lord Chancellor must eventually accept the candidate selected for appointment to judicial office by the Judicial Appointment Commission if the three stage process in the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 has been followed. 

6. Which of the following statements is correct?

a)  Judges may be sued in connection with the exercise of their jurisdiction. 

b)  To preserve their independence, judges are not allowed to chair politically related inquiries. 

c)  Judges salaries are charged on the Consolidated Fund, a Fund that is not subject to an annual Parliamentary vote. 

d)  Judges may be sued in defamation in respect of statements made by them in the exercise of their judicial office.

 

Video.

You are going to watch Anthony D. Romero talking about democracy. 1. Fill in the missing information after watching the video.

 

 

 

Silicon Valley is _________ with disruption, but these days, the biggest disruptor didn't come out of Silicon Valley. It came out of steel towns in Ohio, rural communities in Pennsylvania, the Panhandle in Florida. And this last US presidential election was the mother of all _________. Once again, politics is personal. Millions of Americans became activists overnight, pouring into the streets in record _________ in record time.

The election has done to family holiday dinners what Uber has done to New York City's taxi system. Couples have broken up and _________ disrupted. And the election is doing to my private life what Amazon is doing to shopping malls. These days, the ACLU is on the front lines 24/7, and even if I manage to sneak away for a couple of miles on _________ treadmill, any cardio benefit I get is instantly obliterated when I read another presidential tweet on the headline scroll. Even my secret pleasure of studying the Italian painters have been _________ by politics.

Now, I study, _________ stalk, the old masters. This is my desk, with a postcard exhibition of some famous and obscure paintings mostly from the Italian Renaissance. Now, art used to provide me with a necessary _________ from the hurly-burly of politics in my daily work at the ACLU, but not anymore.

I was at the Women's March in San Francisco the day after inauguration, and the crowd _________ chanting, «This is what democracy looks like». «This is what democracy looks like». And there I was holding my sign and my _________ in the rain, and I flashed on an old painting that first captivated me many years ago. I struggled _________ remember the different pieces of an actual painting of good and bad government. It was almost like the old master was taunting me. You want to know what democracy looks like? Go back and look at my _________.

And so I did. In 1339, Ambrogio Lorenzetti finished a monumental commission in the governing council _________ of Siena's Palazzo Pubblico. It's a painting that speaks to us, even screams to us, today. «Art is a lie that makes us realize truth»,  Pablo Picasso once said. And as we search for the truth about government, we should keep Ambrogio's work, not a lie but an allegory, in our _________ mind's eye.

During Lorenzetti's time, the political legitimacy of Italian city-states was often on very shaky _________. Siena was a republic, but there had been enormous unrest in the two decades leading up to the commission. Siena's political leaders, who would literally govern under the eyes of these allegorical figures, were Lorenzetti's intended audience. He was _________ the obligations of the governing to the governed.

Now, you can spend _________ studying these frescoes. Some scholars have. I'm hardly an art historian, but I am passionate about art, and a work this massive can overwhelm me. So first, I focus on the big stuff.

This is the allegory of good government. The majestic figure here in the middle is dressed in Siena's colors and he personifies the republic itself. Lorenzetti labels him «Commune»,  and he's basically telling the Sienese that they, and not a _________ or a tyrant, must rule themselves. Now, surrounding Commune are his advisors. Justice is enthroned. She's looking up at the figure of wisdom, who actually supports her scales of justice. Concord, or Harmony, holds a string that comes off the scales of justice that binds her to the citizens, making them all compatriots in the republic. And finally we see Peace. She _________ chilled out, like she's listening to Bob Marley. When good government rules, Peace doesn't break a sweat.

Now, these are big images and big ideas, but I really love the small stuff. Along another _________, Lorenzetti illustrates the effects of good government on the real and everyday lives of ordinary people with a series of delicious little details. In the countryside, the hills are landscaped and farmed. Crops are being sown, hoed, reaped, milled, plowed, all in one picture. Crops and _________ are being brought to market. In the city, builders raise a tower. People attend a law lecture, a TED Talk of the 14th century.

Schoolchildren play. Tradesmen thrive. Dancers larger than life dance with joy. And watching over the _________ is the winged figure Security, whose banner reads, «Everyone shall go forth freely without fear».

 

2. After watching the video say in what context the following words and phrases were mentioned.

·        from 800 years ago

·        democracy looks like

·        Lorenzetti

·        since November 9

·        the Commune but the Tyrant

·        justice now lies helpless at his feet

·        the old woman clutching the strongbox

·        Cruelty

·        Fraud

·        «Si» and «No» are painted on her body

·        Fury wields the weapons of the mob

·        the winged figure Security

·        the shadows of Avarice, Fraud, Division, even Tyranny

·        to make America great again

·        63 million people

·        Ann Coulter needs to be able to speak at Berkeley

 

3. Say if these statements are true or false.

1.Avarice is the old woman clutching the strongbox and a fisherman's hook to pull in her fortune.

2.Vainglory carries a mirror, and Lorenzetti warns us against narcissistic leaders who are guided by their own ego and vanity.

3.On the Tyrant's right is Cruelty.

4.Treason, half lamb, half scorpion, lulls us into a false sense of security and then poisons a republic.

5.Fraud, with the flighty wings of a bat.

6.On the Tyrant's left, you see Division.

7.She's dressed in Siena's colors. «Si» and «No» are painted on her body. She uses a carpenter's saw to chop her body in half.

8.And Fury wields the weapons of the mob, the stone and knife.

9.In the remainder of the fresco, Lorenzetti shows us the inevitable effects of bad government.

10.Lorenzetti warns us that we must recognize the shadows of Avarice, Fraud, Division, even Tyranny when they float across our political landscape, especially when those shadows are cast by political leaders loudly claiming to be the voice of good government and promising to make America great again.