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CONTENTS UNIT
1. INTRODUCTION TO QUALITY MANAGEMENT UNIT
8.EVIDENCE BASED DECISION MAKING UNIT
9. RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT |
REVIEW
units13-14 1.
Read the text and then answer the
following questions: 1. Food labels, especially those
used on processed and prepared foods, need to convey a great deal of information
to consumers. Labels need to tell the consumer what they're buying, how
healthy it is, if it contains any ingredient that might affect people with
allergies, and how to store and cook it safely. Prepared and packaged food should list all ingredients in order of
weight, including water. Additives must be listed and identified as colourings, preservatives or flavourings.
Colourings and preservatives must be listed by
their full name, or E-number, or both. Flavourings
don't need to be individually named. The amount of significant ingredients included in a product (for
instance the chicken content of a chicken pie, or the amount of strawberries
in strawberry yoghurt) must be given as a percentage of the total. By law all allergens (any ingredient that may cause an allergic
reaction, including celery, eggs, milk, peanuts and sulphur
dioxide) must be clearly marked. Although genetically modified (GM) ingredients have to be specified on
labels, there is no requirement for ingredients that may be derived from
GM-linked sources to be stated. For instance, the GM link to meat, eggs or
milk used from animals that are given GM feed, or lecithin (often used in
cakes) derived from GM soya would not have to be declared on the label. 2. Knowing the calorie, fat, sugar and salt content of food can help
consumers to make healthier food choices. Manufacturers have been reducing
the amount of salt, use of trans-fats and sugar in products, but beware
misleading claims on the packaging. The term «No added sugar» could mean
sweeteners are used instead of sugar and the food could be high in saturated
fat. A low-fat product could still have a high sugar
content. Most foods include a nutritional breakdown of the amount of energy
such as calories (kcal), fats (including saturated), carbohydrates, fibre, salt, sugar and so on, per serving and per 100g,
on the pack. This breakdown is only mandatory if the food makes a nutritional
claim such as low-fat or reduced salt. In practice, however, most foods carry
this breakdown. The Food Standards Agency has devised a traffic lights system to help
shoppers see the levels of fat, sugar and salt that are
contained in ready-made foods more easily. Red denotes a high salt, sugar or
fat content, green represents low and amber a moderate content. This colour code can be presented as a wheel or a row of
lights. 3. Food must carry the name and address of the manufacturer, packer or
retailer. However, these details might be misleading because if the main
ingredients are imported, a manufacturer does not have to state where these
have been sourced from. They can get around this requirement by describing
the product as «produced in the UK'. A steak and stout pie or a chilled chicken tikka
masala could have been made in the UK (and state
this on the label), but the meat might have come from Brazil or Thailand. 4. It’s common sense to follow storage
instructions to keep food bought in a freezer or fridge for the period
advised on the label. Use-by dates are put on perishable foods such as ready meals, dairy
produce and smoked fish. These dates are intended to inform the consumer of
the period after which the foods are unsafe to eat. If a product is not eaten
by the specified date, they could be unsafe to eat. Once a packet or jar has
been opened, follow storage instructions and don't risk keeping the product
for longer than advised. The sell-by or display-until date information is aimed at the shop or
retailer. The purpose of these labels is to tell shop workers and managers
when the food is approaching its use-by date. The best-before date is a
recommendation applied to preserved or longer-lasting foods. Dried or tinned
foods are usually not unsafe to eat after the date given, but they may be
stale or may have deteriorated in quality after that time. 1.
What information does a label need
to convey to consumers? 2.
In what way must ingredients be
listed on the food label? 3.
What can
nutritional information tell us about? 4.
When nutritional breakdown is
necessary to be printed on the package? 5.
How does a traffic lights system
work? 6.
What information do storage
instructions include? 2.
Read the following article once again and make a rendering of it in
Russian. 3.
Explain meanings of these words and phrases in English. 1.
prepared foods 2.
perishable foods 3.
additives 4.
allergens 5.
genetically modified ingredients 6.
nutritional breakdown 7.
storage instructions 8.
use-by dates 9.
the sell-by or display-until date 10.
the best-before date 4. Find the
following words or expressions in the text about food labelling.
Two definitions are given below for each of them. Study the context in which
they occur in the text and decide in each case which is the best definition
a) or b).
5. Read the
following extract and fill each of the gaps with one suitable word. As food market grows consumers demand package changes. Today’s
consumers more and more clearly 1)._______
preciousness of their time. And it is easier for a buyer to pay for the
quality and easy-cooking product in a convenient package 2).______ to spend
lots of time in the kitchen. Market offers more and more products which require no 3).______ – from
ready soups which you just pour into your bowl to various meat curving. The range of seemingly habitual semi-finished products also enlarges:
manufacturers went a long way 4)._____ the simplest cutlets to, for instance,
ready-to-serve lasagna or Chinese food. And new products appear 5)._____ day.
As soon as these products come to the 6).______ their packaging also becomes
more diverse. Consumers are first of all 7)._________ in the package in which
they can cook the product. Besides evolution of package opening is of special interest: today
less and less package 8)._______ special opening devices. People with good income not always have 9)._____ time for health care.
But such people are ready to pay for package saving wholesome properties of
the 10).______. Thus one can forecast that companies ready to satisfy today’s consumer
demands will have the opportunity to get good 11)._____. To 12)._____ this
goal they will need to revise their product lines and pay special attention
to unusual and inhabitable products, package of various 13).______ and size,
semi-finished and ready-to-serve products, office meals and healthy food. 6.
Translate the phrases into Russian, make up a number of sentences using all
of them. ·
easy-cooking product ·
semi-finished products ·
ready-to-serve lasagna ·
opening device ·
inhabitable product ·
office meal 7. Explain the meanings of the
words in English ·
promotional and political campaigns ·
under in-use conditions ·
affixed instructions ·
UPC identification ·
usage guidance ·
resist pilferage ·
indicate tampering ·
standardized mailing labels ·
handling requirements to expedite
delivery ·
intended life 8.
You
are going to read a text about textile labels. Before you read, check that
you understand these important words. Match the words to the definitions.
9. Read the following text and decide
which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. Think carefully about both
meaning and grammar. The 1)________ effective
marketing tool to instantly grab the attention of customers is product
labels, and if it's a well designed one, it can help to increase sales
greatly. However, in the case of clothing labels, the scenario is a bit
different. Clothing labels are important but not 2) ________ the first thing
noticed; and once worn, people rarely look at the tag stitched inside their
jeans or jacket. But clothing labels serve a practical purpose ... they help the 3)
_______ to determine the clothing size, fabric composition and the proper
washing procedures. The care label in a garment is a tag given to the product containing
regular maintenance information and instructions. It is 4) ____ in such a
manner that it cannot be separated from the product under normal usage. This
information is important as it guides the customer, providing rules and
regulations for usage and maintenance of the product. The rules for care labeling were decided upon by the Federal Trade
Commission (FTC) on Dec 16th, 1971 and were later amended in 1983.These rules
require the manufacturers and importers of textile wearing apparel and
certain piece goods to attach tags 5)_______ the regular rules for maintenance of the
product. As per recent updates to the rules in 2000, the section requiring a
«reasonable basis» for care instructions has been changed to clarify what is
required. When customers shop for clothing, care requirements play an important
role in the decision making process as customers want to know the washing and
regular maintenance instructions before 6 )________. Different tag strategies reach those consumers looking for the
convenience of dry cleaning and those who prefer the ease and 7) ________ of
buying garments they can wash at home. Clothing labels are a deciding factor
when consumers shop for clothing. This is the reason that at times 8) __________ provide more than one set of
instructions. With washing options available, the manufacturers can
successfully target different consumers. Some manufacturers also use an
add-on tag like «For best results, dry clean». The care labels rule governs and is 9) ________ to the manufacturers
and importers of textile wearing apparel, manufacturers and importers of
piece goods sold, and organizations that directs and control the textile
apparel industry.
10. Discuss
these questions in pairs. 1.
What is the purpose of clothing labels?
Is it a bit different from other types of labels? 2.
Where is a clothing label located?
Why? 3.
When were the
rules for care labeling decided upon? What do they require? 4.
What organization controls proper
labeling? 5.
Do you read a label before buying a
thing? Is there any point in doing it? 11. Read the text once again. Then, working with a partner, retell it
to each other in your own words. 12. Make up collocations matching
the words from the box to the words below, translate them into Russian, make up a number of sentences using
all of them.
1.
to grab the ………
of customers 2.
to increase ……. greatly 3.
look at the ………. stitched inside jacket 4.
clothing ……….. serve a practical purpose 5.
to
determine the clothing ……. 6.
containing regular……………. information 7.
to ……… the customer, providing rules and …………….. 8.
rules
for … were decided upon by the Federal
…….. Commission 9.
rules
for ……….. of the product 10.
a
………….. factor 11.
a ………. of instructions 12.
washing
……………. 13.
to
……….. different consumers 14.
to
control the textile ……….. industry 13. Video. You are going to watch Olivier Scalabre
analyzing the evolution of large industrial companies' manufacturing
footprint and operations. 13.1 Fill in the missing information after watching
the video. Growth is fading _______,
and it's a big deal. Our global economy stops growing. And it's not new.
Growth has actually declined for the last _______ years. If we continue like
this, we need to learn how to live in a world with no growth in the next
decade. This is _______ because when the economy doesn't grow, our children
don't get better lives. What's even scarier is that when the pie does not
grow, each of us get a smaller piece. We're then ready
to fight for a bigger one. This creates _______ and serious conflicts. Growth
matters a lot. If we look at the history
of growth, times of big _______ have always been fueled by big manufacturing
revolutions. It happened three times, every 50-60 years. The steam _______ in
the middle of the 19th century, the mass-production model in the beginning of
the 20th century – thanks, Mr. Ford. And the first automation wave in the
1970s. Why did these
manufacturing revolutions create huge growth in our economies? Because they
have injected huge productivity _______. It's rather simple: in order to
grow, you need to be producing more, putting more into our economy. This
means either more labor or more capital or more productivity. Each time,
productivity _______ been the growth lever. I'm here today to tell you
that we are on the verge of another huge change, and that this change,
surprisingly enough, is going to come from manufacturing, again. It will get
us out of our growth slump and it will change radically the way globalization
has been shaped over the last _______. I'm here to tell you about the amazing
fourth manufacturing revolution that is currently underway. It's not as if we've done
nothing with manufacturing since the last revolution. Actually, we've made
some pretty lame attempts to try to revitalize it. But none of them have been
the _______ overhaul we really need to get us growing again. For example,
we've tried to relocate our factories offshore in _______ to reduce cost and
take advantage of cheap labor. Not only did this not inspire productivity,
but it _______ saved money for a short period of time, because cheap labor
didn't stay cheap for long. Then, we've tried to make our factories larger
and we specialized them by product. The idea was that _______ _______make a lot of one product and
stockpile it to be sold with demand. This did help productivity
for a while. But it introduced a lot of rigidities in our supply chain. Let's
take fashion retail. Traditional clothing companies have built offshore,
global, _______ supply chains. When fast-fashion competitors like Zara
started replenishing their stocks faster from two collections a year to one
collection a month, none of them have been able to keep up _______ the pace.
Most of them are in great difficulties today. 13.2 After watching the video say in what
context the following words and phrases were mentioned. ·
shortcomings ·
50 years ago ·
just changed the location ·
all the tweaks to the model that we could ·
the Internet ·
produce growth ·
the entertainment spaces ·
much for productivity ·
scrolling through Facebook, watching videos
on YouTube has made us less productive ·
we failed at reinventing the manufacturing space ·
combine those forces 13.3 Say if these statements are true or false. 1.
The fourth manufacturing revolution is happening right now. 2.
Major technologies are entering the manufacturing space. 3.
Today in our factories, only 8 percent of the tasks are automated. 4.
By 2025, advanced robots will complement workers to be, together, 20 percent
more productive, to manufacture 20 percent more outputs, to
achieve 20 percent additional growth. 5.
Last year in the US, they helped Amazon prepare and ship all the
products required for Cyber Monday, the annual peak of online retail. 6.
Last year in the US, it was the biggest online shopping day of the
year and of history. 7.
Consumers spent 3 billion dollars on electronics that day. That's real
economic growth. 8.
Plastic and metals represent 25 percent of global manufacturing
production. 9.
Aerospace companies are now using 3D printing, which allows them to
turn those 20 different parts into just one. 10.
Advanced robots can be programmed in order to perform any product
configuration without any setup time or ramp up. 3D printers instantaneously
produce any customized design. 11.
Not only will manufacturing become more productive, it will also
become more flexible, and those were exactly the elements of growth that we
are missing. There are even some bigger implications for all of us when
manufacturing will find its way back into the limelight. It will create a
huge macroeconomic shift. 12.
Globalization will enter a new era. The East-to-West trade flows will
be replaced by regional trade flows. East for East, West for West. When you
think about that, the old model was pretty much insane. 13.
The new model, producing just next to the consumer market, will be
much cleaner, much better for our environment. 14.
In mature economies, manufacturing will be back home, creating more
employment, more productivity and more growth. |
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