Grammar 1: DIRECT AND INDIRECT/REPORTED
SPEECH

Look at the four examples about transforming direct speech (the actual
words you say) into indirect/reported speech

Example 1: Imperatives.

Adriana said to Diego, "Speak more
slowly!"

Adriana told Diego to speak more slowly.

Example 2: Statements.

Peter said, "I haven't heard of that make of
jeans."

Peter said (that) he hadn't heard of that make of
jeans.

Example 3: Questions
without question words.

Jane said, "Are you getting married to
Leon?"

Jane asked me if I was getting married to Leon.

Example 4: Questions with
question words.

Ash said, "Who are you going to the party
with?"

Ash asked me who I was going to the party with.

Direct Speech

Reported Speech

Present Simple

¨I like to
play tennis¨ she said.

Past Simple

She said (that) she likes to play tennis.

Present
Continuous

¨I’m
feeling great¨ he said.

Past Continuous

He
said (that)  he
was feeling great.

Past Simple

¨I saw my boyfriend¨ she said.

Past Perfect

She
said (that) she had seen her boyfriend.

Present Perfect

¨I’ve
never been in Paris¨ he said.

Past Perfect

He
said (that) he had never been in Paris.

Present Modal

¨We must go to the supermarket¨ she
said.

Past Modal

She said (that) they had to go to the
supermarket.

Will

¨I
will go to the party¨ he said.

Would

He said (that) he would go to the party.

Now change
these sentences into indirect/reported speech

1. Mrs Lister said to her
daughter, "Don't spend too much on clothes!"

Mrs Lister told _____________________________________

2. Phil said to Liz, "Buy the blue one!"

Phil told __________________________________________

3. Gloria said, "You're late. I've been here
for ages."

Gloria said ________________________________________

4. Svetlana said, "It's too small. I can't get
into it."

Svetlana said_______________________________________

5. Albert said, "I love meeting new
people."

Albert said ________________________________________

6. Keiko said to me, "Do you speak Japanese?"

Keiko asked_______________________________________

7. Andy said to her, "Did your mum make the
wedding dress?"

Andy asked_________________________________________

8. Louise said, "What have you done to your
hair, Angie?"

Louise asked_______________________________________

9. Mo said, "Lou,
where did you buy that black shirt?"

Mo asked__________________________________________

10. Dani
said, "When are we leaving?"

Dani
asked________________________________________

Use
special structures to report these sentences

1. Shall I open the door
for you? (offer)

Sam _____________________________________________

2. You can go out after
lunch, children (allow)

Mum ____________________________________________

3. How about sending an
email to Paul? (suggest)

Andy ____________________________________________

4. Would you like to come
for dinner tonight, Pam? (invite)

We ______________________________________________

5. I won’t forget
to send you a postcard, don’t worry, Carol (promise)

Alan _____________________________________________

Are
the sentences Right or Wrong? Correct the wrong ones:

1. Peter asked that if I
knew the answer.

__________________________________________________

2. Carol told the
children that to shut up.

__________________________________________________

3. He told me to not make
so much noise.

__________________________________________________

4. He asked if did the bus arrive in time?

__________________________________________________

5. John invited Susan
that they had some tea.

__________________________________________________

6. Terry wanted to know
if I’d be late for dinner.

__________________________________________________

7. He ordered the
children to did their homework.

__________________________________________________

8. Carol said that she
must make the bed every day.

__________________________________________________

9. His daughter said that
she will enter the university next year.

__________________________________________________

Grammar 2: PASSIVE

Complete
the sentences about Louis Braille in the passive voice, as in the example

Example: Many blind people use Braille to read.

Braille is used by many blind people to read.

1
Louis Braille invented Braille in the 19th Century.

Braille__________________________________________________Someone
gave Braille's name to this wonderful invention.

BraiIle's _______________________________________________

2
Braille based his invention on military 'night writing'.

His invention ___________________________________________

3
The army used a system of raised dots to send messages.

A system_________________________________________Soldiers
could 'feel' the messages at night.

The messages________________________________________The
teenage Braille developed the system of raised dots as a language for the
blind. The system of raised dots________________________________

4
He first used it at the National Institute for Blind Children.

It
____________________________________________________________Blind people throughout the
world have used Braille since the 1930's.

Braille__________________________________________Only
a few people acknowledged Braille's brilliant work in his lifetime.

Braille's brilliant
work____________________________________

5
Braille published his first book in 1829.Braille's_______________

Complete the sentences using one of these verbs in
the correct forms.

cause      demage       hold
include    invite    make     overtake     show

1.    Many
accidents………. by dangerous driving.

2.    Cheese
……… from milk.

3.    The
roof of the building ……..in a torm a few
days ago.

4.    There
is no need to leave a tip. Service………in the bill.

5.    You
………. to the wedding. Why didn’t you go?

6.    A
cinema is a place where films……… .

7.    In
the USA elections for President …………every 4 years.

8.    We
were driving along quite fast but we ……… by lots of other
cars.

Rewrite these sentences, using Passive Voice.

1.    Somebody
cleans the room every day.

2.    They
cancelled all the flights because of fog.

3.    People
don’t use this road very often.

4.    Somebody
accused me of stealing money.

5.    How
do people learn languages?

6.    People
advised us not to go out alone.