Section 3. Grammar Practice

1. The Article

Exercise 1.1. Fill in "a" or "an".

1. ___ judge 4. ___ astronaut 7. ___ doctor

2. ___ artist 5. ___ policeman 8. ___ teacher

3. ___ detective 6. ___ officer 9. ___ waiter

Exercise 1.2. Read the words and fill in the blanks with "a", "an" or "some".

1. ___ tea 6. ___ hour 11. ___ salt 16. ___ pepper

2. ___ elephant 7. ___ cup 12. ___ eye 17. ___ horse

3. ___ box 8. ___ egg 13. ___ uncle 18. ___ water

4. ___ house 9. ___ union 14. ___ blouse 19. ___ money

5. ___ onions 10. ___ plates 15. ___ farmer 20. ___ milk

Exercise 1.3. Fill in "a", "an" or "the" where necessary.

1. This is ___ textbook.

2. Where is __ post office?

3. ___ Lucy’s uncle is __ teacher.

4. Julie has got ___ orange.

5. This is ___ way to school.

6. It’s ___ long way to __ office.

7. There are a lot of flowers in __

garden.

8. ___ Peter and ___ Ben are

brothers.

9. ___ Eifell Tower is in Paris.

10. ___ Sphinx is in __ Egypt.

11. There’s some sugar in ___ bowl.

12. Open ___ door, please!

13. These are ___ our shoes.

14. ___ English like __ tea.

15. ___ small black dog is mine.

16. ___ Statue of Liberty is in __ America.

17. ___ snakes are dangerous.

18. ___ man in the green shirt is Sam.

19. He has __ telephone and __ computer.

20. John is not in ___ office today.

Exercise 1.4. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate article where necessary.

1. My friends study at ___ University. 2. There are ___ beautiful buildings in the town. There are also ___ beautiful parks and gardens there. In ___ evening you can hear ___ sounds of ___ music from ___ parks. 3. In ___ University there
is ___ library, ___ sport grounds, ___ gym and several mess-rooms.
4. This is ___ classroom. ___ classroom is large and light. 5. There is ___ timetable on ___ wall. 6. What ___ date is it today? It is ___ seventh of ___ December.
7. ___ third lesson today is ___ English lesson. 8. Petrov, go to ___ blackboard!
9. After lessons we go to ___ mess-room to have ___ dinner. 10. My father
is ___ policemen. He often comes from ___ work late. But on ___ Friday he comes ___ home early. On ___ Saturday and on ___ Sunday he does not
go to ___ work.

Exercise 1.5. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate article where necessary.

1. They travelled by car around ___ Europe last month. 2.___ Great American Lakes are___ Lake Huron, ___ Lake Superior,___ Lake Ontario, ___ Lake Michigan and ___ Lake Erie. 3. ___ north of ___ Scotland is known for its wild beauty. 4. Are ___ Urals higher or lower than ___ Alps? 5. It was Burns who wrote "My heart's in ___ Highlands". 6. ___ Mediterranean Sea washes ___ Europe, ___ Asia and ___ northern coast of ___ Africa. 7. What oceans does ___ Panama Canal connect? – I suppose ___ Atlantic and ___ Pacific Oceans. 8. ___ Seine flows through ___ Paris to ___ Atlantic Ocean.
9. We get coffee mostly from ___ Brazil and ___ Columbia. 10. ___ Alaska is the biggest and coldest state in ___ USA. 11. Where are ___ Canaries situated? 12. ___ United Kingdom consists of four parts: ___ England, ___ Scotland, Wales and ___ Northern Ireland. 13. I went to ___ German Republic last summer, but I haven't been to ___ Netherlands yet. 15. ___ Thames is not the longest river in ___ Great Britain but it is rather wide and navigable.

Exercise 1.6. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate article where necessary.

1. The centre of ___ City is represented by three buildings: ___ Mansion House, ___ Royal Exchange and ___ Bank of ___ England. 2. When will he arrive at ___ Heathrow airport? 3. ___ Bolshoi Theatre is famous for its ballet performances. 4. What is on at ___ "Pushkinsky"? 5. ___ Princess Diana stayed at ___ Hilton Hotel. 6. People coming to London often do shopping in ___ Oxford Street. 7. If you are interested in churches and historical places, you should by no means see ___ Westminster Abbey, ___ Houses of Parliament, ___ St. Paul's Cathedral and ___ Tower. 8. ___ British Museum is famous for its library, one of the richest in the world. 9. Across the road from Westminster Abbey is ___ Westminster Palace, the seat of ___ British Parliament. 10. ___ West End is the symbol of a wealthy and luxurious life. 11. If you like art galleries you should go to ___ National Gallery and ___ Tate. 12. On ___ Wednesday ___ Financial Times published an article about the situation in ___ North Korea.

Exercise 1.7. Choose the correct item.

1. He crossed ___ stream stepping cautiously from ___ stone to ___ stone.

a) the, ___, ___ b) the, the, the c) а, а, а d) the, a, a

2. In ___ spring of ___ following year we went ___ abroad and were absent several months.

a) ___, the, ___ b) the, the, the c) ___, ___, ___ d) the, the, ___

3. After ___ lunch they sat down under the oak tree drinking ___ coffee.

a) the, the b) ___, ___ c) ___, the d) a, a

4. At ___ tea, which they both took with ___ lemon, John spoke
about ___ summer.

a) ___, the, the b) ___, ___, ___, e) ___, ___, the d) the, the, the

5. ___ map of ___ world, until ___ end of ___ fifteenth century exhibited only ___ one hemisphere (полушарие), and even that was not completely explored.

a) the, the, the, the, the b) the,__, __, the, __ c) a, the, __, __, __ d) the, the, the, the, __

6. As ___ weather was fine, they had ___ pleasant walk across ___ park which stretched along ___ Thames.

a) the, the, the, the b) __, the, a, the c) the, __, the , __ d) the, a, the, the

7. On ___ first of ___ May, after their last year together at ___ college, Frank and Robert were on ___ tram.

a) the, the, __, __ b) __, __, __, the c) the, __, __, a d) the, __, the, a

8. "I am in ___ hurry. Turn to ___ left in ___ High Street and drive me down to ___ East End", I ordered taking my seat.

a) a, the, the, the b) a, the, __, the c) __, __, __, __ d) the, a, the, an

9. ___ great Sahara, that frightful desert of ___ vast sand, stretching
from ___ Red Sea to ___ Atlantic.

a) the, __, the, the b)__, a, the, the c) the, the, the, __ d)__, __, __, the

10. He walked into ___ Green Park that he might cross to ___ Victoria Station and take ___ underground into ___ City.

a) the, __, the, the b) the, the, the, the c)__, __, __, __ d)__, __, an, __


2. The Noun

2.1. Plurals of Countable and Uncountable Nouns

Exercise 2.1.1. Divide the following nouns into countable and uncountable.

Furniture, coffee, leaf, food, computer, list, blood, job, work, language, country, advice, information, money, progress, permission, provision, baggage, luggage, promotion, traffic, weather, window, knowledge, air, water, holiday, accommodation, scenery, mountain, kick, crew, accident, wing.

Exercise 2.1.2. Put the nouns in the correct list in the plural.

Сlass, beach, boy, cup, cat, cup, desk, roof, girl, potato, fork, shirt, pen, leaf, nose, bus, lemon, peach, box.

[s] [iz] [z]

Exercise 2.1.3. Write the words in the plural and in the correct column.

radio, tomato, lady, boy, bench, teacher, watch, day, fox, loaf, handkerchief, kiss, fly, housewife, leaf, body, shelf, school, address, life, country, strawberry, baby, toy, half.

- s - es - ies - ves

Exercise 2.1.4. Write the following words in the plural:

a) story, play, glass, flag, photo, name, match, knife, bush, chief, page, radio, roof, prize, set, key, factory, wolf, piano, class, cup, city;

b) child, goose, man, foot, mouse, woman, sheep, person, deer, tooth, ox;

c) criterion, datum, formula, crisis, stimulus, index, phenomenon, medium, oasis, nucleus, memorandum, basis, radius, analysis, symposium, hypothesis;

d) fellow-worker, merry-go-round, man-of-war, passer-by, sister-in-law, forget-me-not, room-mate, lily-of-the-valley, ticket-holder.

Exercise 2.1.5. Choose a correct item.

1. a baby

7. a foot

13. a boy-friend

a) babys

a) foots

a) boys-friends

b) babies

b) footes

b) boy-friends

c) babis

c) feet

c) boys-friend

2. advice

8. jeans

14. money

a) advices

a) jeans

a) moneys

b) advises

b) jeanses

b)

c)

c) jeanss

c) moneies

3. a man

9. a potato

15. a watch

a) man

a) potatoes

a) watches

b) men

b) potatos

b) watchs

c) mans

c) potates

c) watch

4. an umbrella

110. a postman

16. an address

a) umbrellas

a) postmans

a)

b) umbrellaes

b) postman

b) addresses

c) umbrells

c) postmen

c) address

5. a boy

11. a photo

17. a child

a) boys

a) photoes

a) childs

b) boies

b) photos

b) childes

c) boyes

c) photes

c) children

6. a city

12. news

18. a mother-in-law

a) citys

a) newses

a) mother-in-laws

b) cities

b) news

b) mothers-in-law

c) cityes

c)

c) mothers-in-laws

19. a toothbrush

20. a fish

a) teethbrush

a) fish

b) toothbrushes

b) fishes

c) teethbrushes

c) fishs

Exercise 2.1.6. Choose a correct item.

1. My hair ___ clean.

a) is b) are

2. Can I borrow your scissors? Mine ___ not sharp enough.

a) is b) are

3. Bad news ___ people happy.

a) don’t make b) doesn’t make

4. I don’t want ___ or help.

a) advices b) advice

5. I’ve seen some ___ this month. Each was funnier than the last.

a) comedy b) comedies

6. We’d like three ___ eggs.

a) dozen of b) dozen c) dozens

7. Knowledge ___ power.

a) is b) are

8. In summer we eat a lot of ___.

a) fruit b) fruits

9. The police ___ to interview Fred about the accident.

a) wants b) want

10. Last Saturday we went fishing, but we didn’t catch many ___.

a) fish b) fishes

Exercise 2.1.7. Write sentences in the plural as in the example.

Example : This man is an engineer. – These men are engineers.

1. This man is my brother. 2. That woman is my sister. 3. This child is my son. 4. That classroom is big. 5. This building is white. 6. This man is an engineer. 7. That woman is a doctor. 8. That girl is my sister. She is a pupil. 9. This is a first-year student. 10. This engineer is a good specialist in his field. 11. My uncle has an expensive car. 12. This is a mess-room. 13. I have a handy pen. My pen is in my pocket. 14. There is a TV set in our room.
15. The teacher gave us an assignment. 16. He wants to be an engineer.

2.2. Possessive Case

2.2.1. Put the phrases in the possessive case as in the example.

Example : The son of our manager – our manager's son

1) the house of Mr. Smith; 2) a book of the student; 3) works of Rembrandt; 4) the bags of those women; 5) the note-books of the children; 6) the cottage of my parents; 7) professional skills of the engineer; 8) the influence of the sun; 9) the atmosphere of the earth; 10) the arrival of the airplane; 11) the policy of the company; 12) the active duty of my brother; 13) the mother
of Kate and Mary; 14) the work of the engineers; 15) the times of Ivan the
Terrible.

2.2.2. Choose a correct item.

1. Liz / the text-book 6. the roof / the house

a) Liz’s text-book a) the house’s roof

b) the text-book of Liz b) the roof of the house

c) the Liz’s text-book c) the house’ roof

2. the students/ the hostel 7. the Smiths / the car

a) the students’s hostel а) the Smiths’ car

b) the students’ hostel b) the Smiths’s car

c) the hostel of the students c) the car of the Smiths

3. my parents / the friends 8. King Charles II / the portrait

a) the friends of my parents a) the portrait of King Charles II

b) my parents’s friends b) King Charles the Second’s portrait

c) my parents’ friends c) King’s Charles II portrait

4. Tom and Alice / the car 9. those men / the magazines

a) Tom’s and Alice’s car a) those men’ magazines

b) Tom and Alice’s car b) those men’s magazines

c) the car of Tom and Alice c) the magazines of those men

5. Charles / the book 10. the title / the novel I lent you

a) Charles’ book a) the title of the novel I lent you

b) the book of Charles b) the novel’s I lent you title

c) Charles’s book c) the novel’s title I lent you

2.2.3. Translate into English .

Выпускники нашего университета; этажи этого здания; занятия студентов; современное оборудование лабораторий; квалификация инженера; мечта моего старшего брата; профессия моего отца; задание нашего преподавателя; руководство университета; дипломная работа студента; комната моего друга.

2.2.4. Fill in the blanks with a correct item.

1. My ___ name is Mike. 6. These are ___.

a) friend’s b) friends’ a) tree’s leaves b) leaves of the tree

2. Our ___ names are Jean and Chris. 7. These are the ___ families.

a) children’s b) childrens’ a) boy’s b) boys’

3. This is the___dress. 8. Look at the___.

a) ladies’ b) lady’s a) tree’s trunk b) trunk of the tree

4. Look at the ___. 9. My ___ name is Mark.

a) house’s roof b) roof of the house a) brother’s b) brothers’

5. This is ___ book. 10. My ___ names are Ben and Tom.

a) John’s b) Johns’ a) brothers’ b) brother’s

2.2.5. Replace the nouns in the possessive case by the prepositional groups where it is possible.

Example : He always takes his brothers' books. – He always takes books of his brothers.

1. The only thing she wanted was to see her parents' house again. 2. No one could explain his friend’s behaviour at yesterday's supper. 3. Last Sunday's football match was disappointing. Our team lost. 4. After an hour's break we resumed our work. 5. It was four and a half hours' ride. 6. I don't like cow's milk. 7. Soon after the World War I the general entered the Army’s Command. 8. Upon Zhukov’s return to Moscow he was appointed to a regional command. 9. This is John's coat, and that is Peter's.

2.2.6. Rewrite the sentences using possessive case.

Example : I must sleep 9 hours a day to feel well. – I must have nine-hours’ sleep to feel well.

1. After every lecture we have a break, which lasts fifteen minutes. 2. I can't understand why he is so tired. The distance he covered is a mile only. 3. The walk to the camp was short. It took us ten minutes. 4. Last year I spent 2 weeks of my leave in Greece. 5. If you want to get there, a trip will take you only five hours. 6. Don't take a training course that lasts a week. It won't do any good for you. 7. I slept only five hours yesterday because I had a late night. 8. The workweek of my father lasts five days.

3. Adjective / Adverb

Exercise 3.1. Give the proper comparative and superlative forms of the adjectives.

hot, long, short, clever, interesting, silly, great, red, beautiful, bad, far, white, thin, thick, comfortable, moovable, small, tall, high, weak, strong, heavy, light, objective.

Exercise 3.2. Match the adjectives on the left with their definitions on the right:

1) further a) after some time

2) farther b) the second of two things or persons already mentioned

3) last c) the smallest

4) latter d) coming immediately after, in space or in order

5) elder e) additional

6) nearer f) at a greater distance

7) next g) least good

8) least h) coming after all others in time or order

9) after i) senior of members of the family

10) worst j) closer

Exercise 3.3. Fill in the blanks with a correct item.

1. Martin was the _____ of the two brothers.

a) more talented b) most talented

2. Of the three shirts I like the blue one _____.

a) better b) best

3. This engineer is _____ than that.

a) more experienced b) most experienced

4. This summary is the _____ of the two presented.

a) better b) best

5. There are nine planets in our solar system and Pluto is the _____.

a) farther b) farthest

6. Mary is the _____ of the two girls.

a) tallest b) taller

7. The teacher likes my answer _____ than the one of other student.

a) better b) best

8. This is the _____ of the four tasks.

a) less difficult b) least difficult

9. This aircraft is the _____ of the two.

a) fastest b) faster

10. This picture was the _____ beautiful of seven.

a) more b) most

Exercise 3.4. Open the brackets, using the proper comparative or superlative forms of the adjectives.

1. Which is (large): the United States or Canada? 2. What is the name of the (big) port in the United States? 3. Moscow is the (large) city in Russia. 4. The London underground is the (old) in the world. 5. The Thames is (short) than the Volga. 6. St. Petersburg is one of the (beautiful) cities in the world. 7. The rivers in America are much (big) than those in England. 8. The island of Great Britain is (small) than Greenland. 9. What is the name of the (high) mountain in Asia? 10. The English Channel is (wide) than the straits of Gibraltar.

Exercise 3.5. Fill in as ... as or so ... as and translate the sentences into Russian.

1. Mike is ... tall ... Pete. 2. My room is ... light ... this one. 3. This book is not ... thin ... that one. 4. Sergei is... old ... Michael. 5. She is ... young ... Tom's brother. 6. This magazine is ... good ... that one. 7. Nick's English is not ... good ... his friend's. 8. I am not ... tall ... Pete. 9. This woman is ... young ... that one. 10. This student is not … smart … that one.

Exercise 3.6. Complete the text using correct form of the adjectives in brackets.

I come from a big family. I am 18 years old and I am ___ (old) child in the family. I have two sisters and one brother, who are ___ (young) me. Tania is ___ (young) of all. She’s only ten. John is fourteen but he is ___ (tall) as I am. My other sister is Mary. She is twelve. They all go to the same college. John is ___ (good) student in his group, but Mary isn’t ___ (good) as John. Her teacher says that she is ___ (bad) in the group. Tania is a good student and she is ___ (clever) in the class. They love their college and think it is ___ (good) one in our town.

Exercise 3.7. Choose a correct item.

1. I met my (good) friend yesterday.

a) goodest b) better c) best.

2. Dorothy is (young) in her family.

a) the youngest b) the younger c) young

3. Henry is not (strong) his elder brother.

a) so strong as b) strong as c) stronger

4. Your friend looked upset yesterday. I’m glad he looks (happy) today.

a) more happy b) happier c) happy as

1. Where is (near) post office, please?

a) the nearest b) the next c) nearer

2. That’s (good) film I’ve ever seen.

a) good b) the goodest c) the best

3. Public transport in London is (expensive) in Europe.

a) the expensivest b) the most expensive c) more expensive

4. The 22nd of December is (short) day in the year.

a) the short b) the shorter c) the shortest

5. This is (old) theatre in London.

a) an older b) the oldest c) the eldest

6. Pluto is (cold) of all the planets.

a) the coldest b) a coldest c) a colder

7. This house is (old) of all the houses in the street.

a) as old as b) older c) the oldest

8. Go to the library if you need (far) information.

a) farther b) further c) farer

9. Life is (easy) it used to be.

a) so easy as b) more easy than c) easier than

10. I’m getting (fat) and (fat).

a) the fattest and the fattest b) fatter and fatter c) fat and fat

11. I earn (little) money than he does.

a) littler b) more little c) less


4. Pronoun

Exercise 4.1. Change nouns for personal pronouns.

1. At Christmas (friends) often give Mary presents. 2. (Mary) likes her friends. 3. I’ve got a tortoise. I feed __ vegetables. 4. (the bird) is singing lovely. 5. (my sister and I) don’t like to walk our dog. 6. (the boy) overslept this morning and didn’t have time to have breakfast. 7. (you and I) are good friends, aren’t you? 8. (your brother and you) spend too much time playing computer games. 9. (Sam and John) went to see their friends. 10. (the students) live in the hostels.

Exercise 4.2. Choose the correct form of the pronouns in brackets.

1. What colour is the car? It is so far that I can't see (it's / its / it) colour.
2. They rarely drive to (their / them / theirs) office. They live near (it's / it / its).
3. The pupils of schools have less free time than the students of universities. (They / them) have a lot of homework to do. 4. Look at (me / mine / my) new watch. Do you like (it / them / its)? 5. These books are (her / hers). Give (them / their/theirs) to (hers / her). 6. (Theirs / Their / Them) task is much more difficult than (you / yours / your) or (me / mine / my). 7. Why are (you / you / yours) sitting here? It is not (you / your / yours) desk, it is (me / mine / my). 8. My father is an engineer. (His / him) profession is very interesting. 9. (We / Our / Ours) was the last turn. We have missed (it / its). 10. (Their / Theirs / Them) knowledge of French is not much more superior to (we / our / ours).

Exercise 4.3. Fill in the blanks with an appropriate reflexive pronoun where necessary and translate the sentences into Russian.

1. Have a good time. Try to relax ___ and enjoy ___. 2. She decided to excuse ___ his bad behavior. 3. Why don't you want to concentrate ___
and start working? 4. She did not know where to hide ___. 5. Though it was rather cold in the room he felt ___ hot. 6. Have you shaved ___ today? 7. She found ___ in an awkward situation (в неловкой ситуации). 8. You have to prepare ___ for a long trip. 9. We protected ___ against damage. 10. Do you feel ___ well after the rest?

Exercise 4.4. Fill in the blanks with some, any, no.

1. Unfortunately, they have got ___ money. 2. She wanted ___ apples, but there were not ___ in the nearest shop. 3. Is there ___ salt on the table? – No, there isn't. 4. I'd like to buy ___ new clothes, but I haven't ___ money. 5. When would you like to come? – ___ day would suit me. 6. This vehicle has ___ more functions. 7. He did not answer all the letters because she had ___ time.
8. Do you have ___ change? – Hardly ___. 9. I have ___ plans for this evening. 10. Could you help me? I have ___ problems with my research.

Exercise 4.5. Choose an appropriate pronoun.

1. She was said that (someone / anybody) was waiting for her in the street. 2. He was standing by the window and was looking (nobody / somewhere) on the right. 3. Have you read (something / anything) by Oscar Wilde? 4. Could you give me (something / anything) to eat? 5. If (someone / anyone) comes, let me know immediately. 6. I haven't heard from her for a month. I am afraid (nothing / something) has happened to her. 7. Have you read (something / anything) about this author? – No, I've read (something / nothing). 8. Would you like (something / anything) to drink? 9. He is still (nowhere / somewhere) abroad. 10. I have (anything / nothing) to add.

Exercise 4.6. Fill in the blanks with an appropriate pronoun.

а) each / every

1. ___ soldier wants to become a general. 2. ___ student was tested in turn. 3. They ___ have a comfortable room. 4. You can come here ____ day.
5. ___ of us would be happy to help you. 6. ___ patient wants to be healthy.
7. Aircraft fly there ___ hour. 8. The performance was a success (имело успех) ___ place was taken. 9. This book is divided into 20 units and ___ of them has a different title. 10. ___ passenger must fasten the belt when the airplane takes off or lands.

b) either / any / neither / none

1. I saw two plays in this theatre, but ___ of them impressed me. 2. John and Pete did not pass an exam yesterday because ___ was ready for it. 3. ___of the two girls is very pretty, but ___ of them is married yet. 4. There are a few cafes in this district, but ___ of them is good. 5. What would you prefer, tea or coffee? – ___ will do. 6. There were four applicants but ___ of them impressed me. 7. Can he speak French or German? – ___. He is not good at languages.

Exercise 4.7. Choose a correct item.

1. Please give me ___ copy of the magazine.

a) other b) another c) the other d) others

2. I see only five students here. Where are ___ ones?

a) another b) others c) the others d) the other

3. There were seven people on the beach; two of them were ba-
thing, ___ were playing volleyball.

a) the others b) another c) others d) other

4. I can give you only a small dictionary, I have got no ___ .

a) the other b) another c) other d) the others

5. Two of their guests left rather early, ___ stayed till midnight.

a) the other b) another c) the others d) other

6. Well, ___fifty yards and you will be at home.

a) another b) other c) the other d) others

7. There have been two oranges on the table. One is here, and where is___?

a) another b) the other c) others d) other

8. I'm going to stay here for ___ few days.

a) the other b) others c) the others d) another

9. I think you should choose ___ colour. This one is too dark.

a) other b) another c) the other d) others

10. Why is he so selfish? He never thinks about ___.

a) other b) the other c) others d) the others


5. Numeral

Exercise 5.1. Read the numbers as cardinals and ordinals.

11, 9, 7, 15, 25, 205, 465, 1134, 1276, 300, 305, 107, 100, 1.000.000, 1.209.456, 3.000.000.000, 12, 10, 0, 3/7, 12/34, 2/19, 15/ 9.

Exercise 5.2. Read the names of the year.

1943, 1812, 1945, 1732, 1961, 1980, 2004.

Exercise 5.3. Translate the following dates from English into Russian.

in 1982; on November 6; on December 12, 1991; on the 5th April 2001;
in the 1980s; in the mid-1990s, the early 1960s; in the 20th century.

Exercise 5.4. Translate the following dates from Russian into English.

22 июня 1941, 4 апреля 1147, 25 октября 1917, 31 мая 1223, 12 апреля 1961, 8 сентября 1380, 23 февраля 1918, 26 августа 1812, 12 декабря 1993, 11 сентября 2002, 9 мая 1945.


6. Verb

6.1. Simple Tenses

Exercise 6.1. 1. Put the verbs in the third person singular in the correct column.

work, play, come, watch, talk, dance, go, laugh, drive, smoke, kiss, sleep, swim, wash, mix, visit, close, know, ride, open, teach, speak, change, sit

[s] [iz] [z]

Exercise 6.1.2. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb to be .

1. My father __ an engineer. 2. He __ a pupil twenty years ago. 3. I __ a doctor when I grow up. 4. My sister __ not __ at home tomorrow. 5. She __ at school tomorrow. 6. __ you __ at home tomorrow? 7. My sister __ ill last week. 8. Yesterday we __ at the theatre. 9. Where __ your mother now? – She __ in the kitchen. 10. Where __ you yesterday? – I __ at the cinema. 11. When
I come home tomorrow, all my family __ at home. 12. __ your little sister in bed now? – Yes, she __ 13. __ you __ at school tomorrow? – Yes I __. 14. My friend __ in Moscow now. 15. He __ in St. Petersburg tomorrow.

Exercise 6.1.3. Put the verbs in brackets into Present Simple.

1. My sister (to get) up at eight o'clock. 2. She (to be) a school-girl. She (to go) to school in the afternoon. 3. Jane (to be) fond of sports. She (to do) her morning exercises every day. 4. For breakfast she (to have) two eggs, a sandwich and a cup of tea. 5. After breakfast she (to go) to school. 6. It (to take) him two hours to do his hometask. 7. She (to speak) French well. 8. My working day (to begin) at seven o'clock. I (to get) up, (to switch) on the radio and (to do) my morning exercises. It (to take) me fifteen minutes. At half past seven we (to have) breakfast. 9. My father and I (to leave) home at eight o'clock. He (to take) a bus to his factory. 10. My mother (to be) a doctor, she (to leave) home at nine o'clock.

Exercise 6.1.4. Put the verbs in brackets into Past Simple.

1. There isn’t a cloud in the sky, but it (be) cloudy in the morning. 2. Mrs. Clay usually finishes her work at half past three, but she (finish) it later yesterday afternoon. 3. Tom is playing tennis tomorrow afternoon, he (not / play) tennis yesterday. 4. We generally have lunch at 12.30, but yesterday we (have lunch) later. 5. Now my brother smokes a lot, but he (not / smoke) before.
6. My Dad always goes to work by car, but last week he (go) to work on foot. 7. The weather is nice today, but it (be) yesterday. 8. We rarely watch television, but last week we (watch) a lot of interesting programs. 9. I usually come home from the Institute at 2.00 p.m., but last week I was on duty and (come) home a little later. 10. It seemed impossible for him to win, but he (win).
11. It (take) him two hours to get to London. 12. As soon as the bus (stop), Jill (get off). 13. Jack (try) to remember what he had done last April. 14. Julius Caesar (found) the Tower of London. 15. When you (write) to your parents last time?

Exercise 6.1.5. Choose a verb to fill in the blanks with Present Simple or Past Simple.

finish , go, have, be

James usually ___ work at 4.30 p.m. Yesterday he ___ work at 1.00 p.m. He usually ___ home by train. Yesterday he ___ home by taxi. He usually ___ dinner at home. Yesterday he ___ dinner in a restaurant with his friends. ___ to bed early. Yesterday he ___ to bed late because it __ his birthday.

Exercise 6.1.6. Complete these sentences using the verbs in brackets in the Future Simple.

1. I’m tired. I ___ (go) to bed. 2. ___ I (answer) the question? 3. We don’t know their address. What (we / do)? 4. Our test (not / take) long. 5. I’m afraid they (not / wait) for us. 6. Diana (come) to the party tomorrow. 7. You (arrive) in Paris tomorrow evening. 8. Perhaps they (buy) a new house this year. 9. He (be) fourteen next year. 10. I’m not sure I (find) Jim at the hotel. 11. We (not / book) the tickets in advance. 12. Do you think it (rain)? 13. Everybody thinks they (not / get) married. 14. Dad (present) Mag a personal computer, ___ he? 15. ___ there (be) drugs for every kind of disease in 50 years’ time?

Exercise 6.1.7. Fill in "will" or "be going to" in the proper form.

1. A: What do you want to do when you leave school?

B: I ____ be a dancer.

2. A: I think the house is on fire!

B: I ___ phone the fire brigade.

3. A: I’ll get the sugar from the cupboard.

B: Watch out! You ___ hit your head on the door.

4. A: Haven’t you finished those letters yet?

B: No’ I ___ stay late and finish them.

5. A: ___ you have another cake?

B: No, thank you, I’ve already had two.

6. A: Do you want to go to the park this afternoon?

B: I can’t – I ___ visit my grandparents.

7. A: This box is very heavy!

B: I ___carry it for you.

8. A: ___ you open the window, please?

B: No, it’s too cold in here.

9. A: Have you bought a birthday present for Sally?

B: Yes. I ___ give her a box of chocolates.

10. A: I’ve lost my pen.

B: I ___ give you one of mine.

11. A: Have you seen Sue today?

B: No, but I expect she ___ telephone me tonight.

12. A: Put your money in your pocket or you ___ lose it.

B: It’s O.K. It’s safer in my bag.

13. A: Have you decided what to study at university?

B: Yes, I ___ study Biology.

14. A: Do you want to borrow my car?

B: Thanks. I ___ bring it back tonight.

15. A: The house is very dirty!

B: I know. I ___ clean it this afternoon.

6.2. Continuous Tenses

Exercise 6.2.1. Add "-ing" to the following verbs and put them in the correct list.

make, begin, hit, sit, shave, drink, play, lie, fly, die, cut, sleep, smoke, meet, take, type, drop, swim, stir, walk, wait, open, write, drive.

+ing -ie→y+ing -e→ing double consonant + ing

Exercise 6.2.2. Put the verbs in brackets into Present Continuous.

This is London airport. Many people___(wait) to go on holiday. The woman at the check-in desk___(take) the passengers’ tickets and she___(ask) them some questions. At the "Passport Control" a man who___ (wear) a uniform___ (look) at everyone’s passports. Some people___(sit) on chairs and while they ___ (wait) they___(read) books or magazines. There is a bar where a man ___ (serve) tea and coffee. Outside, a plane
___ (take off) and another one___ (come down). Some men ___ (put) the passengers’ bags onto another plane. A man who ___ (leave) ___ (say) goodbye to his family.

Exercise 6.2.3. Put the verbs in brackets into Present Continuous or Past Continuous.

1. I (sit) by the window when I heard the noise. 2. Look! My friends (to play) football. 3. Peter (to call up) his girl-friend all day long. 4. I saw a light in your window and I (pass) by. 5. While my son (wait) for my call, somebody knocked at the door. 6. What Nick (to do) yesterday from 6 till 8? 7. Where you (to go)? 8. The students (to go) on the meeting now. 9. He (not to arrive) tomorrow. 10. When you rang me yesterday, I (have) a bath. 11. Your mother (to cook) all day long? 12. What mother (to do) now? – She (to cook) dinner.
13. I (not to play) computer games yesterday. 14. I (to write) a letter to my cousin at 6 o’clock yesterday. 15. I (not to write) a report now.

Exercise 6.2.4. Put the verbs in brackets into Present Simple or Present Continuous.

1. Be quiet, please. We (work) at the translation and you (make) a lot of noise. 2. He always (go) for a walk in the evening. 3. Where is Jack? – He (meet) his girl-friend at the station. She (come) at 12 o'clock. 4. In the morning I (have) little time, so I (take) a shower in the evening. 5. A decade (describe) a period of ten years. 6. Her brother (work) in Canada at present. 7. She always (dream) but (do) nothing to realize her dreams. 8. He (be) so suspicious to me at the moment. I wonder why. 9. Hurry up, Jane! We all (wait) for you.
10. These cadets are still ill but they (get) better gradually. 11. Don't bother her. She (take) her French lesson: she always (take) it in the morning. 12. Tom and Mary (leave) for the Netherlands tomorrow. 13. I have just started English courses. I (study) English grammar. 14. Mercury (boil) at 357.23 degrees Centigrade. 15. It (surprise) me that they can't sell their flat.

Exercise 6.2.5. Choose a correct item (Future Simple or Future Continuous).

1. This time tomorrow they ___ in the train on their way to Chicago.

a) will sit b) will be sitting

2. I ___ at home if you need anything.

a) will be b) will being

3. Don’t phone Jim from 5 to 6 – he ___ English.

a) will have b) will be having

4. Why are you in a hurry? If you arrive at 8 o’clock, they ___ the meal.

a) will still cook b) will still coocking

5. He ___ at eight in the evening.

a) will come b) will be coming

6. ___ you ___ with me on Friday?

a) will ... have lunch b) will … be having lunch

7. – I’m not sure I’ll recognize Eve. I haven’t seen her for ages.

– She ___ a dark blue pullover and jeans.

a) will wear b) will be wearing

8. He ___ when you come back tonight.

a) will sleep b) will be sleeping

9. – Let’s meet at the station at 5 o’clock.

– O.K. I ___ for you there.

a) will wait b) will be waiting

10. My brother ___ the results of his exam on economy tomorrow.

a) will know b) will be knowing

Exercise 6.2.6. Put the verbs in brackets into Past Simple or Past Continuous.

1. We (to prepare) for the lessons yesterday. 2. We (to prepare) for the lessons at five o'clock yesterday. 3. He (to prepare) for the lessons from two till three yesterday. 4. He (to prepare) for the lessons the whole evening yesterday. 5. What you (to do) when I rang you up? 6. I (not to sleep) at nine o'clock yesterday. 7. What he (to do) yesterday? – He (to read) a book. 8. What he (to do) the whole evening yesterday? – He (to read) a book. 9. She (to sleep) when you came home? 10. My brother (not to play) tennis yesterday. He (to play) tennis the day before yesterday. 11. My sister (not to play) the piano at four o'clock yesterday. She (to play) the piano the whole evening. 12. When I came into the kitchen, mother (to cook). 13. She (to cook) the whole day yesterday. 14. We (to wash) the floor in our room yesterday. 15. We (to wash) the floor in our room from three till four yesterday.

Exercise 6.2.7. Put the verbs in brackets into Present Simple, Future Simple, Past Simple or Present Continuous.

1. He (to spend) next summer in the country. 2. He (not to spend) last summer in the country. 3. We (to get up) at 6.30 every day. 4. He usually (play) tennis in the afternoon. 5. She (to help) mother yesterday? 6. Kate (to cook) dinner every day. 7. Kate (to cook) dinner tomorrow. 8. John is outside. He (wash) the car. 9. I (not to drink) coffee every day. 10. I (not to drink) coffee tomorrow. 11. You (to go) to university every day? 12. Look at him. He (row) a boat. 13. What your brother (to do) every day? 14. They (watch) TV at the moment. 15. What your brother (to do) tomorrow?

6.3. Perfect Tenses

Exercise 6.3.1. Write the Past Participles of the following verbs.

1. eat 6. iron 11. arrive 16. break

2. sleep 7. clean 12. put 17. make

3. open 8. take 13. leave 18. run

4. find 9. swim 14. drink 19. buy

5. give 10. write 15. talk 20. have

Exercise 6.3.2. Complete these sentences using the verbs in brackets in the correct tense (Present Continuous or Present Perfect).

1. What ___ you (to talk) about? 2. We __ just (to talk) about it. 3. He __ just (to say) something about it. 4. She __ (to tell) them some interesting story. 5. He __ (to tell) us nothing about it. 6. She ___ (to tell) them a story about a famous scientists. 7. We __ (to have) two lessons and a lecture today.
8. They __ (to have) a meeting. 9. She __ not (to speak) yet. 10. They __ (to ask) me several questions. 11. He __ already (to learn) the rule. 12. I __ (to write) an exercise. 13. What __ he (to do)? – He __ (to read) a scientific magazine.
14. __ you (to read) any stories by Jack London? 15. What __ you (to do)
here? – I __ (to write) a letter to my friend. 16. Who __ (to write) this article?
17. What language __ you (to study)? 18. We __ already (to learn) a lot of English words. 19. What __ she (to teach) them? 20. Who __ (to teach) you to do it?

Exercise 6.3. 3 . Put the verbs in brackets into Present Perfect or Past Simple.

1. We (to travel) around Europe last year. 2. My friend knows so much because he (to travel) a lot. 3. I (to see) Pete today. 4. She (to see) this film last Sunday. 5. Alex (to meet) his friend two hours ago. 6. I just (to meet) our teacher. 7. The students already (to decide) where they want to work after the graduation. 8. Yesterday they (to decide) to stay at the hotel. 9. Helen speaks French so well because she (to live) in France. 10. I (not / finish) my homework yet. 11. The rain (to stop) and the sun are shining in the sky again. 12. The rain (to stop) half an hour ago. 13. I (to buy) a pair of gloves yesterday. 14. The weather (to change), and we can go for a walk. 15. They (move) to London two years ago.

Exercise 6.3. 4 . Put the verbs in brackets into Past Simple, Past Continuous or Past Perfect.

1. By six o'clock Nick (to come) home and at six he (to have) dinner. 2. By nine o'clock yesterday grandmother (to wash) the dishes and at nine she (to watch) TV. 3. When I (to meet) Tom, he (to eat) an ice-cream which he (to buy) at the corner of the street. 4. When I (to come) home, my sister (to read) a book which she (to bring) from the library. 5. When the teacher (to come) in the classroom, the students were already standing. 6. When I (to look) out of the window, I saw that some students (to play) football, the others (to watch) them. 7. When
I (to see) Ann, she (to sort) the flowers which she (to pick) in the field. 8. When I (to come) home yesterday, I (to see) that my little brother (to break) my aircraft model and (to play) with its pieces. 9. When I (to open) the door of the classroom,
I (to see) that the teacher already (to come) and the students (to write) a lecture.

Exercise 6.3.5. Put the verbs in brackets into Present Perfect, Present Simple, Present Continuous, Past Simple or Past Continuous.

1. They (to go) to the Hermitage last week. 2. They (to be) to the Hermitage twice this week. 3. After the study school yesterday he (to come) home, (to have) dinner, (to read) an article from the latest magazine. 4. When your friend (to return) from the south? – She (to return) yesterday. – You (to go) to the station to meet her? – No, I (to be) too busy. 5. With whom you (to discuss) this question yesterday? 6. I (to see) this film this week. I like it very much.
7. When I (to enter) the kitchen, I (to see) that my mother (to stand) at the table and (to cut) some cabbage. She (to cook) dinner. 8. As soon as I (to see) him,
I (to understand) that he (to work) hard. He (to write) something and (not to notice) anything. 9. When the young man (to enter) the room, she (to look) at him in surprise. "What you (to want) to tell me?" she (to say). "Why you (to come)?" 10. It (to rain) hard when I (to leave) home yesterday, so I (to return), (to put) on my raincoat and (to start) again.

Exercise 6.3.6. Put the verbs in brackets into Future Simple, Future Continuous or Future Perfect.

1. I (to prepare) my report tomorrow. 2. I (to prepare) my report at 6 p.m. tomorrow. 3. I (to prepare) my report by 6 p.m. tomorrow. 4. When I come home tomorrow, my family (to have) supper. 5. When you come to my place tomorrow, I (to read) your book. 6. Don't come to my place tomorrow.
I (to write) a composition the whole evening. 7. I (not to go) to the cinema
tomorrow. I (to watch) TV the whole evening. 8. What you (to do) tomorrow?
9. You (to play) volleyball tomorrow? 10. You (to do) this work by next Sunday? 11. When you (to go) to see your friend next time? 12. How many pages you (to read) by 5 p.m. tomorrow? 13. Tomorrow I (to start) writing the answer to your letter as soon as I come from my study. 14. I (to do) the washing up from 3 till 3.30 p.m.

6.4. Passive Voice

Exercise 6.4.1. Rewrite these sentences using the Passive Voice.

Example : Mother waters the flowers in the evening. – The flowers are watered in the evening. (by a mother)

1. The workers will paint the roof of the house. 2. The mechanics repaired the car. 3. The student made a report. 4. The teacher is giving the assignment.
5. Max will translate the article tomorrow. 6. They will send him a letter. 7. The boy followed his mother. 8. In summer I often drive a motorbike. 9. Ivan Susanin led the Poles into the thickest part of the forest. 10. The waves carried the boat away. 11. We shall do the translation in the evening. 12. You promised me these books long ago. 13. The explorers gave the newspaper reporters a long interview. 14. Mr. Wilson will teach you English.

Exercise 6.4.2. Rewrite these sentences using the Passive Voice.

1. We received this letter after his departure. 2. Have the dogs ever attacked you? 3. The boy carries a heavy bag. 4. The storm prevented the aircraft from flying. 5. Who discovered the structure of atom? 6. They are selling delicious fruit there now. 7. The old man told us about the war-time. 8. They offered her some interesting work. 9. The doctor prescribed her new medicine. 10. They often speak about it. 11. Everybody laughed at this funny joke. 12. We have been looking for you the whole morning. 13. We shall insist on strict discipline. 14. They teach three foreign languages at this University.

Exercise 6.4.3. Put the verbs in brackets into Passive Voice.

1. The letter (to receive) yesterday. 2. Nick (to send) to Moscow next week. 3. I (to ask) a question at the lesson yesterday. 4. I (to give) a very interes-
ting book at the library last Friday. 5. Many houses (to build) in our town every year. 6. This work (to do) tomorrow. 7. This text (to translate) at the last lesson. 8. These trees (to plant) last autumn. 9. Many interesting facts always (to tell) at the lessons on regional geography. 10. We (to invite) to a concert last Saturday. 11. My question (to answer) yesterday. 12. Hockey (to play) in winter.
13. Many houses (to burn) during the Great Fire of London. 14. His new book (to finish) next year. 15. St. Petersburg (to found) in 1703.

Exercise 6.4.4. Rewrite the sentences using the Passive Voice.

1. I bought some potatoes yesterday. 2. We shall bring the books back to the library tomorrow. 3. They are repairing the clock now. 4. They sell shoes in this shop. 5. I have translated the whole text. 6. They broke the window last week. 7. When I came home, children had eaten all the sweets. 8. We shall do this work in the evening. 9. This author wrote this book in the 19th century.
10. They were playing tennis from four till five. 11. At 2 p.m. the workers were loading the trucks. 12. By 3 p.m. the workers had finished loading. 13. They will show this film on TV soon. 14. They are building a new concert-hall in our street. 15. Scientists have made a number of important experiments in this laboratory.

Exercise 6.4.5. Rewrite the sentences using the Active Voice. Add the appropriate subject.

1. This mountain has never been climbed before. 2. Why have these cups been put here in this cupboard? 3. Nick was told to go home at once. 4. Invitations have been sent to all the old pupils to be present at the military school's anniversary. 5. The work was finished in time. 6. The child is taken care of carefully. 7. What museums were visited by you last year? 8. Have your compositions been handed in? 9. What has been said is true. 10. After the facts had been thoroughly (тщательно, подробно) explained to her, she no longer felt worried. 11. The Greeks were attacked by the Persians from the sea. 12. This regulation must be read by every student. 13. This film can be seen at the cinema only. 14. Spartan children were taught by their parents to endure all hardships (выдерживать, преодолевать все трудности). 15. Which article was translated by your yesterday?

Exercise 6.4.6. Choose the correct item.

1. The day before yesterday we (invite) to the restaurant by Tom Jenkins.

a) are invited

b) were invited

c) invite

2. Look! The bridge (repair).

a) is being repaired

b) is been repaired

c) has been repaired

3. The letter and the parcel (post) tomorrow.

a) will be post

b) will have been posted

c) will be posted

4. In Greece the Olympic Games (hold) once in four years.

a) were held

b) are being held

c) are held

5. The problem (study) for three years, but they haven’t got any results.

a) has been studied

b) has being studied

c) was studied

6. This book (republish) by the end of September.

a) would be republished

b) will have been
republished

c) will been
republished

7. A police car came when the injured man (carry off) the road.

a) was being carried off

b) was been carrying off

c) has been carried off

8. I (bear) in a small Russian town not far from Samara.

a) was borne

b) am born

c) was born

9. Dad phoned us and asked if our luggage (already / pack).

a) was already being packed

b) had already been
packed

c) was packed

10. What a pity, John won’t come. He (tell) about the meeting beforehand.

a) should have been told

b) should be told

c) should been told

Exercise 6.4.7. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb in brackets.

The Tower of London

The tower of London ___ (build) by William the Conqueror in 1078 as a castle and palace. Since that time it ___ (extand) to its present size, and (use) as an armoury, a zoo, a royal mint, a prison, and a museum. At the time when it was a prison a lot of people ___ (lock) in the Tower for their religious beliefs or suspected treason. Anne Boleyn, Sir Walter Raleigh and Elizabeth the First ___ (shut up) there, too. Spies ___ (imprison) in the Tower during both World Wars. Some of the prisoners ___ (allow) to walk in the grounds, live in comfortable rooms and receive visitors. Many convicted ___ (publicly / execute) on Tower Hill. They ___ (behead) with the block and axe, which ___ (keep) in it. Saint Edward’s Crown, the Imperial State Crown, and the royal scepter ___ (guard) there. Saint Edward’s Crown ___ (use) for the coronation ceremonies. 3000 precious jewels ___ (contain) in the Imperial State Crown. In 1671 a daring attempt ___ (make) to steal the Crown Jewels by a man named Captain Blood.

6.5. Modal Verbs

Exercise 6.5.1. Fill in the blanks with "may / might" or "can / could" and make all necessary changes.

1. You ___ (warn) me about it beforehand. 2. The weather is changing.
It ___ (start) raining. 3. This weapons ___ (be used) against enemy aircraft on the ground. 4. He ___ (not hear) your name. That's why he did not say anything. 5. She ___ (not notice) us. We were standing too far away. 6. ___ I use your name in my report? 7. She ___ (not hear) the news, that's why she looks as if nothing had happened. 8. The professor says that I ___ (rewrite) the research. 9. ___ I use your phone? 10. He ___ (help) them when they were in trouble.
11. ___ he (say) it? No, it's not like him. He is a man of few words (немногословный человек).

Exercise 6.5.2. Translate into English using "be able to".

1. Ты сможешь сделать эту работу завтра? 2. Я думаю, он не сумеет решить эту задачу (to accomplish this task). 3. Завтра я буду свободен и смогу помочь тебе. 4. Мы сможем поехать в Нью-Йорк в будущем году? 5. Ты сможешь починить мой магнитофон? 6. Вчера я не смог увидеть полковника Петрова, так как он был в командировке, но сегодня я смогу это сделать. 7. Я думаю, что смогу перевести этот текст без словаря.

Exercise 6.5.3. Fill in the gaps with "mustn’t" or "needn’t".

A teacher is speaking to his students before a test:

"You are going to have a test today. Your test papers are on your desks. You ___ begin until I tell you. You ___ hurry; you have plenty of time. You ___ speak during the test. You ___ copy your friends’ work and you ___ open any of your books. You ___ write in pen; if you prefer you can write in pencil. You ___ stay when you’ve finished; you can leave if you want to, but you ___ be noisy. When you leave you ___ wait for your friends outside the classroom. Wait outside the building! Finally, I wish you all good luck. You can begin now!"

Exercise 6.5.4. Fill in the blanks with modals "t о have to" or "to be to".

1. Where ___ the lecture to take place? – I suppose in the classroom
№ 131. 2. So, our plan is as follows: I __ to go to the library and bring the books. You __ to look through all the material here. Later we __ to work together.
3. "You __ to do it alone, without anybody's help", – said the teacher. 4. I __ to help my friends with this work now. 5. It was raining hard and we __ to wait until it stopped raining. 6. I __ to ask him about it tomorrow, as today he has already gone. 7. According to the order of the commander all the cadets __ to return the books into the library before the twenty-third of May. 8. As we had agreed before, we __ to meet at two o'clock to go to the stadium together.
9. The field training __ to begin tomorrow at 5 p.m. Don't be late.

Exercise 6.5.5. Paraphrase, using the modal verb "need".

Example : It is not necessary to go there. – You need not go there.

1. There was no necessity for her to do it herself. 2. There is no reason for you to worry. 3. There is no need for you to be present. 4. Why did you mention all these numbers? It wasn’t necessary for you. 5. It was not necessary for you to remind me about his birthday. I remember the date very well. 6. It was not necessary for her to cook this enormous dinner: there were only two of us. 7. It is not necessary to take the six-thirty. A later train will do as well.

Exercise 6.5.6. Rewrite the sentences using the words given in brackets.

1. It isn’t necessary to buy a ticket (need). 2. I advise him to be more careful (ought). 3. He couldn’t swim when he was five (able). 4. It’s possible that he will win the race (might). 5. You are not allowed to play in their garden (mustn’t). 6. It wasn’t necessary for them to repair the car (need). 7. It’s not possible for you to eat so much (can’t). 8. Do you want me to open the window (shall)? 9. It’s just possible she’s still at work (could). 10. Do you want me to help you with that (would)? 11. I don’t think she is the woman who spoke to me (can’t). 12. We don’t have to go shopping with Mum (needn’t). 13. Is it really possible that she’s 50 years old (can)? 14. It would be a good idea to tell him the truth (better). 15. I advise you to study harder (should).

Exercise 6.5.7. Choose the correct item.

1. You will ___ speak Spanish in another few months.

a) can b) have c) be able to d) ought

2. I’d like ___ skate.

a) to can

b) to be able to

c) to have to

d) could

3. Nobody answers the phone. They ___ be out.

a) should

b) would

c) can

d) must

4. I’m sorry, I ___ have phoned to tell you I was coming.

a) should to

b) ought to

c) had to

d) could

5. To my mind, the government ___ take care of old people.

a) ought

b) need to

c) must

d) may

6. I ___ get up early on Mondays.

a) am able

b) have to

c) must

d) may

7. The policeman told the woman she ___ worry.

a) needn’t

b) needn’t to

c) couldn’t

d) mustn’t

8. ___ you mind passing me the salt?

a) will

b) should

c) could

d) would

9. As ___ remember, I was always interested in scientific experiments.

a) may

b) have to

c) must

d) ought to

10. Little children like books with large print. They ___ read them more easily.

a) should

b) must

c) can

d) have to


7. Sequence of Tenses

Exercise 7.1. Rewrite these sentences using the Past Tense.

1. My uncle says he has just come back from the Caucasus. 2. He says he has spent two months to build the house. 3. He says it did him a lot of good.
4. She says she feels better now. 5. He says his wife and he are spending most of their time on the beach this week. 6. He says they did a lot of sightseeing.
7. He says he has bought a good camera. 8. He says he took many photographs while travelling in the Caucasus. 9. He says he will come to see us next Sunday. 10. He says he is busy now.

Exercise 7.2. Rewrite the sentences using the Past Tense.

1. Nick says he is going to the hotel to see his friends, who have just arrived in St. Petersburg from the United States of America. 2. He says they have not been here for a long time. 3. He says they were friends at school. 4. He says he will take them to the theatre on Sunday. 5. They say they will write me a letter when they return home. 6. Mike says he is sure Ann and Kate will be excellent guides. 7. He says they have made good progress in English. 8. Oleg says that in a day or two several English cadets will come to pay a visit to their military school and he will probably have to act as interpreter. 9. Ann says she has just met Boris in the street. 10. She says Boris told her a lot of interesting things about his travels in the south.

Exercise 7.3. Choose the correct tense in these sentences.

1. Не said he (is staying, was staying) at the "Ritz" Hotel. 2. They realized that they (lost, had lost) their way in the dark. 3. He asked me where I (study, studied). 4. I thought that I (shall finish, should finish) my work at that time.
5 He says he (serve, served) in this unit two years ago. 6. Victor said he (is, was) very busy. 7. My friend asked me who (is playing, was playing) the piano in the sitting-room. 8. He said he (will come, would come) to the station to see me off. 9. I was sure he (posted, had posted) the letter. 10. I think the weather (will be, would be) fine next week. I hope it (will not change, would not change) for the worse. 11. I knew that he (is, was) a very clever man. 12. I want to know what he (has bought, had bought) for her birthday. 13. I asked my sister to tell me what she (has seen, had seen) at the museum. 14. He asked me to tell him what time it (is, was).

Exercise 7.4. Fill in the blanks with a correct form of the verb in brackets.

1. Не said he ___ (to leave) tomorrow morning. 2. She says she already ___ (to find) the book. 3. He stopped and listened: the clock ___ (to strike) five. 4. She said she ___ (can) not tell me the right time, her watch ___ (to be) wrong. 5. I asked my neighbour if he ever ___ (to travel) by air before. 6. The policeman asked George where he ___ (to run) so early. 7. The delegates were told that the guide just ___ (to go) out and ___ (to be) back in ten minutes.
8. I knew that they ___ (to wait) for me at the bus station and I decided to hurry. 9. I didn't know that you already ___ (to finish) your report. 10. He says that he ___ (to know) the laws of the country. 11. The pilot didn’t know that the enemy fighter ___ (to follow) him. 12. The teacher asked me whether I ___ (to remember) about the article. 13. He couldn’t understand why people ___ (not to want) to buy his book.

Exercise 7.5. Choose a correct item.

1. I knew that Mercury (be) the closest planet to the sun, but I didn’t feel like answering the questions.

a) was

b) is

c) had been

2. Mike hoped that his friend (help) him with his car.

a) would help

b) will help

c) helped

3. We didn’t know the score, but we were sure their team (lose) the game.

a) has lost

b) had lost

c) lost

4. Yesterday Tom heard that his aunt (be ill) for five days.

a) was ill

b) has been ill

c) had been ill

5. The cadet wasn’t able to do the translation because he (not / know) some special terms.

a) hadn’t know

b) didn’t know

c) doesn’t know

6. He gave all his money to me because he (trust) me.

a) would trust

b) trusted

c) had trust

7. We were told that Andrew (go) to enter that college.

a) is going

b) went

c) was going

8. The police found out that Bob Slant (live) in London’s suburbs at that time.

a) had been living

b) lives

c) lived

9. My parents decided that we (celebrate) my birthday on Saturday.

a) would celebrate

b) shall celebrate

c) celebrated

10. Ann hasn’t been informed that the lecture (not / take place) on Friday.

a) hasn’t taken place

b) wouldn’t take place

c) won’t take place


8. Direct/Reported speech

Exercise 8.1. Rewrite the sentences using reported speech.

1. "My friend lives in Moscow", said Alex. 2. "You have not done your work well", said the teacher to me. 3. The cadets answered: "Good morning, comrade teacher". 4. "You didn’t pass the test", said the teacher. 5. "This man spoke to me on the road", said the woman to the policeman. 6. "I can't explain this rule to you, ask the teacher", said my classmate to me. 7. The teacher said to the class: "We shall discuss this subject tomorrow". 8. Mike said: "We have bought these books today". 9. She said to me: "Now I can read your translation". 10. Our teacher said: "Thackeray's novels are very interesting". 11. She said: "I’m not fond of tennis". 12. Max said: "I read 'Jane Eyre' last year".
13. Oleg said to his sister: "Put the letter into an envelope". 14. Jane said to us: "Please tell me all you know about it". 15. "Please help me with this work, Henry", said Robert.

Exercise 8.2. Rewrite the sentences using direct speech.

1. I asked if they had taken the sick man to hospital. 2. I asked my friend if he had a headache. 3. I wanted to know when he had fallen ill. 4. I wondered if he had taken his temperature. 5. I asked him if the doctor had given him some medicine. 6. I asked him if he was feeling better now. 7. I asked the man how long he had been in St. Petersburg. 8. I asked him if he was going to a health-resort. 9. We asked the girl if her parents were still in Moscow.
10. I asked the girl where her father serves. 11. He said that he would wait for me. 12. The teacher said that the earth is round. 13. He said that he had bought me some flowers. 14. She said that he had arrived the previous week. 15. He asked what time it was.

Exercise 8.3. Choose a reporting verb and turn the following from direct into reported speech.

advised , asked, ordered, suggested, explained, warned, promised, begged, offered, refused

Example : "I think you should take more exercises", the doctor said to me. –

The doctor advised me to take more exercises.

1. "I will not answer your questions", the actor said to him. 2. "I really will phone this evening", he said. 3. "Do you know where I’ve put my hat?" he said to her. 4. "What have you bought me for Christmas?" the little boy said to to his parents. 5. "Go to your room now and do your homework", the mother said to her son. 6. "You will be paid twice a month", her boss said. 7. "Whould you like me to drive you into town?" she said to me. 8. "Let’s go for a walk!" he said. 9. "Please let me come with you", she said to her mother. 10. "Let’s play in the garden", Ted said. 11. "The sun is bigger than the earth", Mary said to the children. 12. "Don’t go near the fire because it’s dangerous", she said to Ben. 13. "Let’s have steak for dinner", said June. 14. "I promise I’ll write to you as soon as I arrive, Mary", said John. 15. "Please, don’t shoot me!" he said to the robber.

Exercise 8.4. Write the exact words a teacher said to her students.

Example : Don’t talk when I’m talking.

A teacher told her students not to talk when she is talking. She told them to give their homework to her at the end of each lesson. She asked them not to write on the desks. Then she told them to put their hands up if they had a question. She also asked them not to eat in the classroom. She told them to write everything in pen and asked them to throw their rubbish into the wastepaper bin. Finally she told them not to leave the classroom without permission.

Exercise 8.5. Choose a correct item.

1. John said, "I’m sorry to disturb you, Eliza".

a) John told that he was sorry to disturb Eliza.

b) John told Eliza he was sorry to disturb her.

c) John said to Eliza he had been sorry to disturb her.

2. He said, "Where is Jill going?"

a) He askes where was Jill going.

b) He askes where Jill went.

c) He askes where Jill was going.

3. "If I had any instructions, I would know what to do", said Mag.

a) Mag said that if she had had any instructions she would have known what to do.

b) Mag said if she had any instructions she knew what to do.

c) Mag said that if she had any instructions she would know what to do.

4. "Will you be free tomorrow?" Colin asked Richard.

a) Richard asked would Colin be free the next day.

b) Colin asked Richard if he would be free the following day.

c) Colin asked if Richard will be free tomorrow.

5. "Why hasn’t he locked the car door?" the policeman said.

a) The policeman asked why he hadn’t locked the car door.

b) The policeman asked why hadn’t he locked the car door.

c) The policeman asked why he didn’t lock the car door.

6. The students said, "We wish our exams were over".

a) The students said they wished their exams had been over.

b) The students said that they wished their exams have been over.

c) The students said they wished their exams were over.

7. Tom said, "Jerry has been my best friend since our early childhood".

a) Tom told Jerry that he had been his best friend since their early childhood.

b) Tom said that Jerry has been my best friend since our early childhood.

c) Tom told Jerry that he had been his best friend since their early childhood.

8. "Where is the nearest bus stop?" the old man addressed a policeman.

a) The old man asked where was the nearest bus stop.

b) The old man asked a policeman where the nearest bus stop was.

c) The old man told a policeman where the nearest bus stop was.

9. The teacher said to us, "Be quiet, please".

a) The teacher asked us to be quiet.

b) The teacher told us to be quiet.

c) The teacher said to us to be quiet.

10. "If I were you, I’d stop smoking", Jeff said.

a) Jeff said that if he were him he would have stopped smoking.

b) Jeff said that if he had been him he would stop smoking.

c) Jeff advised him to stop smoking.